Regulator for turbines.



s. T. HOLLY. REGULATOR FOR TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 4,1907.

Patented Dec. 7, 1909.

5 SHBETSSHEET 1.

S. T. HOLLY. REGULATOR FOR TURBINES.

APPLIOATION FILED NOV. 4, 1907.

Patented Dec. 7, 1909.

ibiinew'es S. T. HOLLY,

REGULATOR FOR TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED 110v. 4, 1907.

Patented Dec. '7, 1909.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3= wifhesses:

frwenfar;

s; T. HOLLY.

REGULATOR FOR TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 4, 1907.

942,828. Patented Dec. 7, 1909.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

U/ilnesses I my arizor S. T. HOLLY.

REGULATOR FOE TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 4. 1907.

942,828. Patented Dec. 7, 1909.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

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SOLOLEON TOVJ'NSEND HOLLY, OE LOS ANGELES, ASSIGNGR OF ONE FUU FF 1'0CARRIE O. HQLLY, GNE- TIE- TH L TEZEJJ I I liEi-hRSlON, AND ONE- a v.- Jl FOURTH TO ANNE?) 3J1. Iv'L'ARST N, ALL 03 L053 i NirE m3, CALIFUENEA.

PaEG jLfiT Pa FOR TURBINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed November 4, 1907. Serial No, 490

of the same. Fig. at is a fragmentary vertical section on lines X-X ofFig. 1, shown partly broken. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal verl ticalsection, showing an external regulatiug inechnnisin, part of the turbineproper l1 eing shown in fragment. Fig. (3 is :1 side elevation of theturbine, showing the regurentel new and useful Improvements inileguhtors for Turbines, of 110b the following is specification. latingmechanism assembled. Figs. 7, S, 5 The niventien relates to regulatorstorturand 10 are fragmentary details of the rack binesandhus particularreference to regulaand pinion mechanism for controlling the tors forthat class of turbines of the type disvalves within the case. (ZlOHGIland claimed in my Patent 858599, isl designates the case.suenJulyQ,190?,bnt it nlsoadapted foran Q is the rotor provided with aduplicate improved form of turbine, which comprises row or peripherallnickets or pockets nd a rotor provided with peripheral. pockets or 5 isan annular diaphragm or disk cenbucltets, divided and separated by acentral trnlly dividing the buckets :3 and l and fasdiaphragin or disk,which divides the intoned to the rotor by bolts or screws or in flowingstream of steam under pressure, into my other manner. he rotor proper istwo distinct streams, each impinging against bolted to a hub, 6, whichis keyed to a shaft, the buckets or pockets on opposite sides ofjonlnnlcd in case 1. said central diaphragm or disk. The im- 8 is themain trains of the case 1, which proved town of turbine, does, hmvever,form together With the annular ring .1 i Oif'nis the no part or thepresent invention, but will be steam chest or reservoir. made thesubject or another patent, no pres- 10 is an annuhu: Web or dishtorn'iing a. ent illustration thereof, having been made LliViSioil plateb ween t e nozzles 11. merely to make a more lucid disclosure of d g GStwo nnnnlflr series of ad the regulator to be hereinafter descril ed.jnstablemembers provided on opposite sides cl the main objects of thisinvention, of the Web 10, and pivotally screwed thereto is to pr vide a.regulating means for varyy e b which extend transvers ly inglycontrolling the series of tapering stenni tlli'Oilgll dischargingnozzles at thepoint of smallest 1idesignates a plurality 0 area, inorder to obtain the greatest density rii'cted to the center Web 16, iand pressure at a point as near possible of which the rear of the Ca velllL to the terminus of the nozzles, and to the bear, and the oppositeside of which apex of ach bucket of the turbine. portion of the nozzletorthein-tlowing stea 1,

Another object of this invention is to proso that in conjunction withthe valve incinvide {ill easily controllable regulator, in which thearea of discharge of the motive fluid is capable of being varied,Whether is nits in, the case.

bers l2, a series of tapering steam nozzles are obtained, WlllCil byreason of "heir more men? on their pivotal axes are intended to suingfrom he stenin reservoir at the highest vary at ditl'erent times the qantit y' of the or '--inallest pressure, and in a maximum or ilnpellingfluid, While 7 time preininnnuin quantity serving tire greatest thepoint Tlith these and other objects in view, my where the s n enters sor pool;-

invention consists in such features, details of construction andcombination of part, as will be ,ribed in connection with the aceznlcoinpan ving drawings, and then be more title C pnrticularlv pointed outin the claims. 1

in the (f 'ings Figure l a longitudinal section showing the improvementpartly in s l? to receive jtraguient. 2 is a side elevation of the v tvalve lilQllilfiiS r ring valve controlling levers, the same being heseone s 1 shown detached. 3 is an l within the provided with h steam isadnn in 'Whi or the valve members are end elevation molly housefi; ttlClrings 15 are also vided with recesses 19 on opposite sides of each ring,said recesses being arranged to accommodate the projecting tangs 20 ofthe actuating levers 21 and 22, one of which is keyed or firmly securedin any manner to the shaft 23, which extends through and is journaled inthe case.

As will be seen from Figs. 2 and 3, the lever 22 is keyed to the shaft.It comprises a disk member, having a tang 20 aforementioned. The diskportion of said lever 22 is provided with a small web or projection 2%and with openings 25. The lever 21 is also mounted on shaft 23, butloosely and adjustably relatively to the lever 22 and for this reasonthe disk portion of the lever 21 is provided with slightly curved slots26 and with angularly disposed lugs 27, provided with screw threadedopenings arranged to receive the set screws 28 as seen in Fig. T he saidlever 21 is fitted on to shaft 23, so that the lugs 27 stand on oppositesides of the projecting web or lug 2%. The bolts 29 are then extendedthrough the walls 26 and into an opening provided therefor, whereupon,when the correct position of the lever 21 has been ascertained, theboltsare screwed home to tightly hold the same against movement on the shaft23 and relatively to the other lever 22. In other words, the two leversare secured together to move as one part, after the positive adjustmentof the lever 21, so that although no variation results in the amount oftravel of the ring, for con trolling the valve members, more steam isnevertheless admitted to one series of buc- QtS than to the otherseries. Various advantages are accomplished by thus providing for theadjustability of the two valve controlling levers, the most important ofwhich may be stated, to reside in the compensation or balancing of therotatable member, when for any reason the turbine is made to as suine aposition which is at an incline to the horizontal. In this manner, theend thrust is regulated and the wheel held in steady balance.

30 is a plate removably bolted to the outside ring 9 which forms part ofthe steam reservoir, and which is provided for the purpose of ef ectingthe adjustmentof the lever 21.

On the shaft 7 is a worm 31 with which a similar worm gear 32 meshes.This worm gear 32 is mounted on the end of a shaft 33, which is held inplace by the bracket 3% se cured to the case 1, shaft 33 being journaledin the framework 35 for the external regulating mechanism. On theopposite end of the said shaft 33 is a bevel wheel 36 meshing with abevel wheel 37 keyed to a shaft 38 which is journaled in the framework35. On the end of the shaft 38 is another bevel wheel 39 which mesheswith the bevel wheel %0 keyed on to the end of a vertical shaft %1.

%2 is a sleeve provided with two bevel gears %3 and which are madeintegral with the sleeve and spaced apart a predetermined distance forpurposes to be more fully hereinafter specified. This sleeve %2 issplined on to the shaft %1, and is capable of a vertically slidingmovement thereon. The upper portion of the sleeve is provided with anannular groove %5 to receive the short levers %6, arovided on the endsof the two arms %7, which carry the revolving regulating balls %8.

%9 is a yoke keyed fast to the shaft 411 and the arms %7 are pivotallysecured thereto.

designates a helical spring, one end of which is secured to the lug %9on one of the arms and the other end of which is provided with a loopadapted to be engaged by an eye L on one end of the bar 52. Said barextends through an orifice in the lug 51, and at its other end isprovided with a jam nut and a lock nut forthe purpose of adjustablymounting the bar in the lug, to regulate the degree of tension of spring50 which the centrifugal action of the revolving balls must overcomebefore moving outward. It is obvious that in this manner buta limitedmovement of the regulating balls is permissible, a circumstance which isneces sary for the very limited movement of the regulating valve ringunder various degrees of loads.

As shown by the drawings, the revolving weight shaft %1..is supported bythe spider frame 5%. The globular portion consists of upper hemisphere Aand lower hemisphere B, said upper hemisphere carrying shaft %1 and saidlower hemisphere being supported by frame 5%. Said hemispheres areprovided with oppositely disposed circular grooves on their flat sidesto form raceways for receiving a plurality of antifriction balls 56. henthe upper half of the globe is properly secured to the weight shaft %1,it holds the weighted means securely and allows it to revolve withperfect freedom.

57 is a spider bolted to the frame 35 and made in two pieces to looselyfit the sleeve %2. It. is provided with a stud 58, on which looselymounted a bevel wheel 59, which is held in place by the cap 60 and screw61. This bevel wheel 59 occupies the space between the bevel wheels %3and provided on the sleeve %2. tioned wheels are provided with gears,but depend upon friction to impart movement to the bevel wheel 59. Whenincrease of the speed of the turbine causes the regulating balls tospread, they raise the sleeve which is keyed on to the shaft and bringthe bevel surface of the lower bevel wheel %3 into frictional engagementwith the bevel surface of the bevel wheel 59. On the other hand, whenthe speed decreases, the balls by reason None of the aforemenof thesprings, are drawn inwardly toward the center of the spider, causing thesleeve 42 to travel downwardly, pressing the face of the bevel wheel asinto engagement with the bevel face of the bevel wheel 5-9, to retatesaid wheel 59 in the reverse direction to the rotation imparted by thebevel wheel (32 is a shaft provided with a ball fitting in a socket- Gl, provided in bevel wheel (35 a gear wheel firmly secured to the shaftand connected with the shaft 66 by gimbal or universal joint 67. Thegear wheel meshes continually with the wheel 38 stationarily mounted onthe frame 35; the said gear wheel being provided with a greater numberof teeth than the gear wheel 35, in order to cause each gyratorymovement of arms 62 and gear 65 to produce a partial. rotation of shaft66 and pinion 6%), the extent of such rotation being determined by thedifierencc between the number of teeth in gears 65 and 68. The gyratinggear avoids the loss of motion liable to result from con'ipoundingseveral The fixed gear is provided with more teeth than the gyratinggear in order to have a dilterentiation, which depends entirely upon theamount or". gearing back The amount of rotation imparted to the pinionby each gvration of gear is calculated to be equivalent to thecircumferential distance covered by the excess number of teeth in gear(38 over the number of teeth in gear 65. The power transmitted to thepinion is thus greatly compounded. The gyratory means includes gear 65and arm 62, said arm having an end 6 3 eccentrically connected withbevel gear 59 and having its other end mounted in line with the axis ofgear That portion of the regulating device located within the turbinecase, which includes the series of expansible nozzles, is of such anature that it requires but a very limited movement of the annularactuating ring for simultaneously expanding and contracting all of thenozzles or steam passages to admit steam to the turbine.

it for any reason of neglect or other cause, the steam pressure shouldbecome so low as to tail to maintain the desired speed when theexpandible nozzles are opened to their limit, an alarm is sounded by abell 7S and a vibrating tooth at the end of the rack T0. Said tooth isso hinged that when it is moved under the center of the driving pinion69, the sliding support 76 is pushed from beneath it by being broughtagainst a stud or pin '77 located on the regulator frame. The "furtheraction of the pinion in that direction will push the hinged tooth downand slip the gear (59, allowing the same to revolve without furthermovement of the rack. The vibrating of the tooth, vibrates a. ball orhammer, and gives a signal on a bell 78 suitably located, as shown. Onthe reverse movement of the pinion, the spring 79 beneath the vibratingtooth, holds it up to its normal position, and the reverse action of thepinion has no tendency to depress it. In moving the rack in thedirection to decrease the discharging capacity of the nozzles, theefiect would be to entirely close the nozzles and therefore stop theengine, so

that no guard or safety tooth is required at that end of the rack. Inpractice, it is not deemed advisable to use the adjustable nozzles tostart and shut down the engine, but preferably the main admission valve.This is, however, within the discretion of the engineer.

As shown by tl e drawings, the valve rests 11- are approximatelytriangular in their general cross section outline and are ranged aroundthe turbine in an annular series, being spaced circumferentially apartto leave steam inlets between adjacent valve rests. Each valve rest isprovided with a curved rear portion adapted to receive a correspondinglycurved heel with which each valve member 12 is provided. Said valvemembers 12 are provided with two arms, one of which projects rearwardlyand has a slightly curved inner side to form in connection with the nextrearward valve rest, a forwardly directed steam inlet; the other arm ofeach valve member 12 extends radially outward from its heel and isoperatively engaged by the regulating ring 15. The curved heels of thevalve members at all times form a close fit against the curved rearportions of the valve rests so that the steam cannot escape past theheels.

The ring for operating the various valves, or valve members, as theyhave been termed, may be controlled and operated by the lovers 73, whichare interconnected by the bar 71, in which case the cam lever 7 toperates to throw the rack 70 out of mesh with the pinion 69. it isevident that any movement of the ring produces a movement of the valvemembers on their pivotal axes, which move ment regulates the amount ofsteam that is to be admitted to the rotor of the turbine. The ringitself is held freely within the case and upon the ends of the valvemembers.

hat I claim is:

l. A regulator for turbines comprising an annular series of pivotalvalve members forming nozzles, Cll'ClllHftfl'ltltllly moving means tocontrol said valve members, gyratory means to regulate said controllingmeans, a governor, and gearing operating between said governor and saidgvratory means, said gyratory means being provided with an arm forgyrating the same, one end of said arm being eccentrically connectedwith. a. gear of said gearing and the other end of said arm beingmounted axially in line with said gear.

Liv

2. A regulator for turbines comprising annular series of pivotal valvemembers forming nozzles, internal means engaging said valve members formoving the same, means to move one series of valve members a greaterdistance than another series, and external means for operating saidmeans.

3. A regulator for turbines comprising two annular series of pivotalvalve members forming nozzles, means for moving said valve members tocontrol the size of the nozzles, and means for governing said movingmeans to give a. greater movementto one series of valve members than tothe o-ther.

l. A regulator for turbines, comprising annular series of pivotal valvemembers, forming expansive fluid nozzles, circumferentially movablerings, carried by said valve members, for simultaneously actuating allof said members, and means for giving a greater circumferential movementto one of said rings than to the other.

5. A regulator for turbines, comprising annular series of pivotal valvemembers, forming expansive fluid nozzles, circumferentially movablerings carried by said members, for actuating all of said members, meansfor actuating said rings, and means for governing said means, to give agreater circumferential movement to one of said rings than to the other,for controlling the size of the nozzle.

6. A regulator, comprising a diaphragm, located in proximity to therotatable member of a turbine; a plurality of regulable nozzles onopposite sides of said diaphragm, freely movable rings, for regulatingthe size of the nozzles, means for circumferentially moving said rings,to control said nozzles, and means for adjusting said means, to vary thedistance of travel of one of said rings, relatively to the other.

7. A regulator for turbines, comprising the case and rotor, ournaled insaid case, a diaphragm in proximity to the rotor, a plurality of fixedand movable members on said diaphragm mutually interacting to formnozzles of varying dimensions, means for limiting the movement of saidmovable members, rings normally engaging said members, for operatingsaid movable members, means for controlling said rings, to gage themovement circumferentially, of the rings, relatively to each other, andregulating means, externally of the case, for controlling said means.

8. A regulator for turbines comprising pivotal valve members, and ringsfor actuating said valve members, in combination 1 with means foractuating said rings comwith a plurality of steam passages or noz lzles, a ring extending around the turbine for regulating the size ofsaid nozzles, means for rotating said regulating ring, a shaft foroperating said means, a stationary gear surrounding said shaft andhaving teeth facing toward one end of said shaft, a gyratory gear havinga different number of teeth from the teeth of said stationary gear, anarm for gyrating said gyratory gear while maintaining it in mesh withsaid stationary gear, said gyratory gear being fixed to said arm andsaid arm being attached by a universal joint to said shaft, a governor,and means operatively connecting said governor with said arm to gyratethe same.

10. A regulator for turbines comprising an annular series of pivotedvalve members, a series of valve rests interposed between said valvemembers, there being a chamber extending radially outward from saidvalve members and valve rests forming an annular steam chest, each valverest cooperating with a valve member on one side thereof to form anozzle and being pivoted adjacent to and having a close fit with thevalve member on the opposite side thereof, and means within said steamchest to operate said valve members. 7 11. A turbine having an annularseries of pivoted valve members, a series of valve rests triangular ingeneral outline between said valve members, an annular steam chestsurrounding said valve members and valve rests, each valve rest having anozzle on one side thereof and one of said valve members in contact withthe other side thereof, a ring in said steam chest operatively connectedwith said valve members to regulate the discharge of said nozzles, andmeans for moving said ring.

12. A turbine having an annular series of valve rests spacedcircumferentially apart to form inwardly directed steam inletstherebetween, said valve rests having curved rear portions, a series ofpivoted valve members provided with curved heels engaging the curvedportions of said valve rests, said valve members having a rearwardlyprojecting arm adapted to cooperate with the next rearward valve rest toform a nozzle, and an operating arm extending radially outward from saidheel, an annular steam chest surrounding said valve rests and valvemembers, a ring in said steam chest operatively engaging said radialarms of said valve members and means for moving said ringcircumferentially to control the size of said inlets.

13. A regulator for turbines comprising inlet means, means forcontrolling the size of said inlet means, said controlling meanscomprising a toothed rack, a governor, means operated by the turbine forrotating said governor, a pinion controlled by said governor for movingsaid rack, means at one end of said rack to lower the same out of engagement with said pinion and means at that end of said rack to manuallyoperatethe same when in the lowered position In testimony whereof IafliX my signature in presence of two subscribing witnesses SOLOMONTOWNSEND HOLLY. lVitnesses Anni IlLiY MARs'roN, LUTHER M. MARSTON.

